Salvia Divinorum
Salvia Divinorum is a perennial herb in the mint family native to certain areas of the Sierra Mazateca region of Oaxaca, Mexico. It is one of 500 species of Salvia in the New World is in similar to the sage plant. The plant grows in large groupings to well over 3 feet in height. It’s large green leaves, hollow square stems and flowers are it's characteristic features. S. Divinorum is one of several vision-inducing plants employed by the Mazatec Indians.
There has been a recent interest among young adults and adolescents to re-discover ethnobotanical plants that can induce changes in perception, hallucinations, or other psychologically-induced changes. Since S. Divinorum, or any of its active ingredients are not specifically listed in the Controlled Substances Act, some on-line botanical companies and drug promotional sites have advertised Salvia as a legal alternative to other plant hallucinogens like mescaline. The plant material is smoked for the induction of "mystical" or hallucinogenic experiences.
Chemistry/Pharmacology:
"Salvinorin A" the active component of S. Divinorum, is most effective
when
vaporized and inhaled. Chemically, Salvinorin A is a neoclerodane
diterpene, a
psychotropic terpenoid. The grouping of psychoactive plants containing
terpenoid
essential oils includes Salvia Divinorum, Wormwood (Absinth), and
Cannabis
Sativa (tetrahydrocannabinols, THC). Divinorin A was chemically
characterized by
Valdes et al., in 1984, however Ortega et al., (1982) had previously
characterized the same substance and called it Salvinorin A and thus,
out of
convention, the psychoactive substance should be called Salvinorin A. A
dose of
200 to 500 micrograms produces profound hallucinations when smoked. Its’
effects
in the open field test in mice and loco motor activity tests in rats are
similar
to mescaline. Salvinorin A’s action in the brain are not well
elucidated.
However, recent tissue testing (in vitro assays) have suggested that
Salvinorin
A may act at the kappa opiate receptor site, but functional assays are
lacking
to determine the exact mechanism of action of this drug substance.
Source: DEA, Drug Diversion Program, "Drugs of Chemical Concern: Salvia Divinorum," September, 2002
Illicit Uses
Salvia is being smoked to induce hallucinations, the diversity of which
are
described by its users to be similar to those induced by ketamine,
mescaline, or
psilocybin. It is being widely touted on internet sites aimed at young
adults
and adolescents eager to experiment with these types of substances
User Population
The user populations, thus far, seems limited to younger adults and
adolescents
influenced by the promotion of the drug on internet sites
Illicit distributed
Salvia Divinorum is grown domestically and imported from Mexico, and
Central and
South America.
Street Terms:
Mexican mint, herbal ecstasy, Ska Maria Pastora, and Diviner's Sage